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Telugu Historyతెలుగు చరిత్ర

The Eastern Gangas in the north of the Telugu country

Era: Ikshvakus, Vishnukundins & early kingdoms, Eastern Chalukyas & the Deccan powers, Kakatiyas

The Eastern Gangas in the north of the Telugu countryGodavariKalinga (Imperial Gazetteer, 1908)MukhalingamMukhalingamSrikakulamSrikakulamSrikurmamSrikurmamKalingapatnamKalingapatnamDirghasiDirghasiNadagamNadagamAlamandaAlamandaSimhachalamSimhachalamMahendragiriMahendragiriDraksharamaDraksharamaVisakhapatnam (Kulottunga-Cholapattana)Bhogapuram (Jaina temple)Bendapudi (Ganga siege)N0100 km
  • Unified Andhra Pradesh (pre-2014)
  • Present-day state borders, for orientation
  • Approximate extent

Places in the old Ganjam and Vizagapatam districts named in the records of the Eastern Ganga kings of Kalinga: Mukhalingam (Kalinganagara), their capital, with its temples; the findspots of their copper plates at Chicacole (Srikakulam), Nadagam and Alamanda; Dirghasi near the old port of Kalingapatnam; the temples of Srikurmam and Simhachalam, with hundreds of their inscriptions; Visakhapatnam and Bhogapuram, with records of Anantavarman Chodaganga; Mahendragiri, the mountain of their god Gokarnasvamin; and, south of the Godavari, Draksharama, where their queens and kings left records, and Bendapudi, which a Ganga army took from the Kakatiya viceroys. The shaded area is a rough sketch of Kalinga as the Imperial Gazetteer describes it.

Historical boundaries are approximate. Base map: Natural Earth (opens in a new tab) (public domain).

Sources

  1. Government of India, Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series: Madras, Vol. I (opens in a new tab), Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1908, pp. 191, 222, 228, 230. Kalinga; Chicacole, Mukhalingam and Srikurmam. [Public domain]
  2. W. W. Hunter, Orissa, Vol. I (opens in a new tab), Smith, Elder and Co., London, 1872, pp. 171. The natural boundary of Kalinga and Orissa south of the Chilka lake. [Public domain]
  3. E. Hultzsch (ed.), Epigraphia Indica, Vol. III (1894–95) (opens in a new tab), Archaeological Survey of India, 1895, pp. 17–20, 127, 130. E. Hultzsch: Alamanda, Achyutapuram and Chicacole plates; Mahendragiri. [Public domain]
  4. F. Kielhorn (articles); E. Hultzsch (ed.), Epigraphia Indica, Vol. IV (1896–97) (opens in a new tab), Archaeological Survey of India, 1897, pp. 183, 187–188, 314. G. V. Ramamurti: Nadagam, Mukhalingam, Kalingapatam, Dirghasi. [Public domain]
  5. W. Francis, Madras District Gazetteers: Vizagapatam, Vol. I (opens in a new tab), Government Press, Madras, 1907, pp. 26, 323. Mahendragiri, Alamanda, Simhachalam. [Public domain]
  6. V. Rangacharya, A Topographical List of the Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency (collected till 1915), with Notes and References, Vol. III (opens in a new tab), Government Press, Madras, 1919, pp. 1665, 1674. Bhogapuram and Visakhapatnam. [Public domain]
  7. V. Rangacharya, A Topographical List of the Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency (collected till 1915), with Notes and References, Vol. II (opens in a new tab), Government Press, Madras, 1919, pp. 733–734. Draksharama. [Public domain]
  8. F. R. Hemingway, Madras District Gazetteers: Godavari, Vol. I (opens in a new tab), Government Press, Madras, 1907, pp. 24–25. Bendapudi. [Public domain]