Maps

Asoka's empire and edicts in the south — Where Asoka's edicts have been found in and near the Telugu country, with the southern frontier of his empire as Vincent Smith drew it in 1920. The frontier is approximate: Smith drew it just north of Nellore, eight years before the Kurnool edicts were found.
Capitals through the centuries — Seats of power in the Telugu land, from Satavahana Dhanyakataka to Qutb Shahi Hyderabad.
Asokan edicts and early Buddhist sites — Where the region's earliest writing has been found, from Asoka's edicts in Kurnool to the stupas of the Krishna valley.
Satavahana coins and inscriptions in the Telugu country — Where coins and inscriptions of the Satavahana kings have been found in and near the Telugu country, from the lead coins of the Krishna and Godavari districts catalogued by E. J. Rapson in 1908 to the royal inscriptions at Amaravati, Chinna Ganjam, Kodavali and Myakadoni. The shaded area is approximate.
Ikshvaku inscriptions and the Krishna valley — Where the Prakrit inscriptions of the Ikshvaku kings of Vijayapuri (3rd century CE) were found, at Nagarjunakonda and Jaggayyapeta on the Krishna, with Manchikallu, where a Prakrit pillar inscription of the Pallava king Simhavarman marks the dynasty's successors, and Banavasi, the Vanavasa whose Maharaja married a daughter of King Virapurushadatta.
Ports and sea trade on the Andhra coast — Ports of the Telugu coast in the sources, from the Periplus's Masalia and the Kakatiya port of Motupalli to the Dutch and English factories of the 17th century and the steamer ports of about 1900, with the road from Golconda that Tavernier took to Masulipatam. Sea routes show only the direction of the voyages the sources name; all routes are approximate.
Marco Polo's Mutfili — Marco Polo called the Kakatiya kingdom "Mutfili" after its port Motupalli, and praised its diamonds and its cloth "like tissue of spider's web". Redrawn after Henry Yule and Henri Cordier's map of Polo's India (1903), with the capital Warangal, the port, the coastal voyage Yule drew past Mutfili and the two diamond tracts he marked. The voyage and the diamond tracts are approximate.
The Salankayanas of Vengi — Vengipura (Pedavegi near Eluru), capital of the Salankayana kings in the 4th and 5th centuries, with the places their copper-plate grants name or were found at: Eluru (Elura of Devavarman's grant), the Kolleru lake (the reported findspot of the Kolleru plates), Kanukollu (two grants, found before 1946), Denduluru (later Vishnukundin capital, part of the ruin field of Vengi), and Gudivada and Machilipatnam, the two places proposed for the district of Kudrahara. The shaded area is a rough sketch of the kingdom's extent as described in 1926 and 1932.
Grants of the Vishnukundins — Where the Vishnukundin grants were kept or found, and the places they name that can be located: Denduluru (Lendulura, the residence of the Chikkulla grant) on the ruins of Vengi; Ramatirtham, Ipur and Polamuru; the Velpuru pillar; Ravirela on the Krishna (Ravireva of the Chikkulla grant); and Amaravati, which D. C. Sircar thought was probably the [Ama]rapura of the second Ipur grant. Also shown are Vinukonda, where F. Kielhorn thought the family name survived, Srisailam (Sriparvata, the family god's hill), the Kolleru lake (the "water of Kunala"), and the cave temples at Undavalli and Mogalrajapuram that G. Jouveau-Dubreuil attributed to the dynasty.
The Deccan, 1336–1570 — Vijayanagara and the Muslim kingdoms of the Deccan, after Robert Sewell's 1900 map of the "general political position" from 1336 to 1570. Every area is approximate, and the map folds two centuries into one picture: the Bahmani kingdom, founded in 1347, broke up into the five sultanates of Bijapur, Bidar, Berar, Ahmadnagar and Golconda only from 1489 on, and the Krishna–Godavari coast passed between Orissa, Vijayanagara and Golconda.
The Pallavas in the Telugu country — Findspots and places of the Pallava charters of the Telugu country, from the Prakrit plates of Sivaskandavarman at Mayidavolu and the pillar inscription of Simhavarman at Manchikallu to the Sanskrit grants of the Nellore–Guntur kings (Chendalur, Darsi, Nelatur, Vavveru) and the later grants of the kings of Kanchi (Reyuru), with Dhanyakataka (Amaravati), the Kopparam plates of the Chalukya Pulakesin II, the Sriparvata frontier, and the places that mark the Pallavas' Ganga, Bana and Kurnool connections. The shaded districts are rough sketches of Karmarashtra and Mundarashtra as the sources describe them.
Tavernier's diamond roads — The routes of the French jeweller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier between Golconda, the diamond mines at Kollur and Ramallakota, the port of Masulipatam and Mir Jumla's camp at Gandikota in 1652, after the map in V. Ball's translation of 1889. The lines join the stages Ball identified and are approximate.
The Chalukyas of Badami and the Telugu country — Places in the Telugu country named in the records of the Chalukyas of Badami: Pishtapura (Pithapuram) and the Kolleru lake from Pulakesin II's Aihole inscription, Vengi given to his brother Vishnuvardhana, the findspot of his Kopparam plates, the temples of Alampur and the findspots of Vikramaditya I's grants at Gadwal and Talamanchi, with the capital Badami and the inscription at Aihole to the west and the Pallava capital Kanchipuram to the south.
The Delhi Sultanate and the Telugu country, 1303–1336 — Warangal and the places named in the Delhi campaigns against the Kakatiyas and in the Tughluq province of Tilang: the roads of Malik Kafur in 1309–10 (by Devagiri and the frontier town of Indur) and of Ulugh Khan in 1323 (by Devagiri and Bidar), the hill of Anumakonda from which Kafur watched the city, the mosque of 1324 at Rajahmundry, and Kaulas and Golconda, later lost by the Musunuri chiefs to the Bahmanis.
The Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi — Places of the Eastern Chalukya kingdom of Vengi (7th–11th centuries): the capitals Vengipura (Pedavegi near Eluru) and Rajahmundry; the findspots of the dynasty's copper-plate charters, from Chipurupalle in the north to Ederu, Bezwada (Vijayawada) and Masulipatam in the south; Pithapuram, whose temple pillar carries the inscription of 1202 with the fullest list of the kings; and the temples that later sources attribute to Eastern Chalukya kings at Draksharama, Chalukya-Bhimavaram (Samalkot) and Biccavolu. The shaded area is a rough sketch of the kingdom as the Imperial Gazetteer (1908) and M. Rama Rao (1964) describe it.
The Telugu Cholas of Renandu — Findspots of the records of the Telugu Cholas of Renandu (6th–8th centuries): the early Telugu stones at Kalamalla, Erragudipadu and Tippaluru, the copper plates of Punyakumara from Malepadu and Dommara-Nandyala, the Chamaluru stone of Vijayaditya Chola, and Budili, seat of the collateral line of Srikantha. The shaded area is a rough sketch of Renandu, the country between the Chitravati and the Cheyyeru, as its 1956 editors described it.
Forts of the Telugu country — Hill forts and walled towns that the sources show being besieged, taken or held, from the Ikshvaku citadel at Nagarjunakonda to the siege of Bobbili in 1757 and the storming of Masulipatam in 1759. The story of each is told on the Forts & warfare page.
The Musunuri Nayakas — Places in the records of the Musunuri chiefs who freed the Telugu country from the Delhi Sultanate: Prolaya Nayaka's capital Rekapalli on the Godavari and the village of Vilasa that he granted; Guraja, findspot of Kapaya Nayaka's grant of 1346; Warangal, which Kapaya took from the Delhi governors; Ganapesvaram, with an inscription of his reign; Korukonda and Addanki, seats of his kinsmen and allies; and Kaulas and Golconda, lost to the Bahmanis.
The Qutb Shahi kingdom of Golconda — Places of the Qutb Shahi kingdom (1518–1687): the capitals Golconda and Hyderabad; the forts Sultan Quli took from the Telugu chiefs (Rajakonda, Devarakonda, Warangal, Khammam, Kondapalli) and the coast won under Ibrahim (Rajahmundry, Kondavidu); Talikota, where the alliance defeated Vijayanagara in 1565; the southern conquests of the 17th century (Kurnool, Gandikota, Udayagiri, Chandragiri) and Penukonda, besieged in vain; the port of Masulipatam, the Kollur diamond mine and the road between them that Tavernier took; Hayathnagar and Bhadrachalam.
The Western Chalukyas of Kalyani and the Telugu country — Places in the Telugu country named in the records of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani: Patancheru (Pottalakere), where Somesvara III's coronation grant was found; Kolanupaka (Kollipake), seat of a province; Bodhan; Panugallu of the Kandur Chodas; Polasa (Polavasa) of the Medaraja family; Hanamkonda (Anumakonda) of the Kakatiya feudatories; Jammikunta, with the earliest record of Taila II near Anumakonda; the temples of Alampur; Tripurantakam, where an inscription of 1126 names the general ruling Vengi; Vengi and Draksharama on the coast; and the capital Kalyani, outside the Telugu country to the west.
Godavari delta works — Arthur Cotton's anicut across the Godavari at Dowlaishweram, begun in 1847, and the main navigable canals of the Eastern, Central and Western Delta as they stood in the 1890s, after the sketch map in G. T. Walch's account of 1896. The anicut crossed the river's four branches in one line of works; by 1903–04 the system watered 662,000 acres. Canal courses are approximate.
The Chalukyas of Vemulavada and Mudigonda — Places named in the records of the two Chalukya families of Telangana: Vemulavada (Lembulavataka), capital of the Chalukyas of Vemulavada; Podana (Bodhan), where their founder bathed his elephants in oil; the Bommala Gutta at Kurikyal with the inscription of Pampa's brother; Chennur on the Godavari, with a record of a subordinate of Arikesari II; and Mudigonda, Koravi (Kuravi) and Kukunoor, places of the Chalukyas of Mudigonda, with the Rashtrakuta capital Malkhed and Vengi for reference.
The Eastern Gangas in the north of the Telugu country — Places in the old Ganjam and Vizagapatam districts named in the records of the Eastern Ganga kings of Kalinga: Mukhalingam (Kalinganagara), their capital, with its temples; the findspots of their copper plates at Chicacole (Srikakulam), Nadagam and Alamanda; Dirghasi near the old port of Kalingapatnam; the temples of Srikurmam and Simhachalam, with hundreds of their inscriptions; Visakhapatnam and Bhogapuram, with records of Anantavarman Chodaganga; Mahendragiri, the mountain of their god Gokarnasvamin; and, south of the Godavari, Draksharama, where their queens and kings left records, and Bendapudi, which a Ganga army took from the Kakatiya viceroys. The shaded area is a rough sketch of Kalinga as the Imperial Gazetteer describes it.
The Rashtrakutas and the Telugu country — Places in the Telugu country named in the records of the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed and their feudatories: the camp of the crown prince Govinda II at the confluence of the Krishna and the Musi (770), the Srisaila country of Dantidurga's Ellora inscription, the Rashtrakuta-period records at Alampur, Khajipet and Bodhan, Danavulapadu and Kambaduru in Rayalaseema, with the capital Malkhed to the west, the Eastern Chalukya capital Vengi to the east and Kanchi, taken by Krishna III, to the south.
The Recherla Velamas — Places in the records of the Recherla Velama chiefs: their two hill capitals, Rachakonda (Rajukonda), fortified by Anapota Nayaka in 1365, and Devarakonda, seat of Mada Nayaka and his line, besieged by the Bahmanis in 1459; Warangal and Bhongir (Tribhuvanagiri), which Anapota ruled by 1369; Inavolu, where he granted a village to the god Mailara; Umamahesvaram and Srisailam, where the brothers built a pavilion and steps; Golconda, ceded to the Bahmanis by Kapaya Nayaka or by Anapota (the sources disagree); and Dharanikota (Amaravati), where the family chronicle places a victory over the Reddis.
Places of the Telugu ballads — Where the heroic and popular ballads recorded between the 1820s and the 1900s are set: the Palnadu war of Brahma Nayudu, Katama Raju's war with Nellore, the fall of Bobbili in 1757, and the songs of the Vizagapatam ballad-singers and of Ramadasu at Bhadrachalam.
Regional houses of the 12th century — The countries of the regional houses that held the Telugu coast and southern Telangana between the Chalukya–Chola emperors and the Kakatiyas: Velanadu, the Chandavolu country of the Velanati Chodas; the Six-thousand country of the Kotas of Dharanikota; Konamandala, the Godavari delta of the Kona Haihayas; the Palnadu of the Haihaya chiefs and of the ballad of the Palnadu heroes; and Kandurunadu of the Kandur Chodas. The shaded areas are rough sketches of the extents the sources describe.
The Adil Shahis of Bijapur and the Telugu country (1489–1686) — The western edge of the Telugu country under the sultans of Bijapur: the Raichur doab between the Krishna and the Tungabhadra, fought over with Vijayanagara from 1493 to 1565; Talikota, where the allied sultans camped before the battle of 1565; Adoni, taken in 1568 and held by Bijapur governors until 1688; Penukonda, besieged in the 1570s and taken in 1652; Kurnool, taken early in the seventeenth century, with its dependent country as far as Nandyal; and Gandikota and Chandragiri, taken by Golconda in the race for the Karnatak. The shaded areas are rough sketches: the frontier after 1565 follows a map printed in 1866.
The Bahmanis in the Telugu country — Places of the Bahmani sultans in the Telugu country, 1347–1518: their capitals Gulbarga and Bidar; Kaulas, Indur and Medak in the western province of Bidar; Bhongir, the founder's eastern frontier; Golconda, ceded by the ruler of Warangal under Muhammad Shah I; Pangal, where Firuz Shah was defeated in 1419; Warangal, taken in 1424 or 1425; Devarakonda and Rachakonda, seats of the Velama rayas; Balkonda, the rebel Sikandar Khan's fort; Rajahmundry, Kondapalli, Kondavidu and Masulipatam on the coast, taken in 1471–81; and Muhammad Shah III's raid on Kanchi.
The Mughal Deccan in the Telugu country (1687–1724) — The subah of Haidarabad after Aurangzeb's conquest of Golconda in 1687: the capital Hyderabad and the fort of Golconda; the sarkar towns of Telangana (Warangal, Devarakonda, Bhongir, Kolanupaka); the five Northern Sarkars of the coast (Guntur, Kondapalli, Ellore, Rajahmundry, Chicacole) with Masulipatam, their chief town and a Mughal mint; the uplands of the Haidarabadi Karnatak governed from Cuddapah (Sidhout, Gandikota, Gooty); Kurnool, the jagir of Daud Khan Panni, and Adoni, the Mughal mint of Imtiyazgarh; and Tatikonda, where tradition places the last stand of the rebel Papadu. The shaded areas are rough sketches of the extents described by Grant and Sarkar.
The Telugu Chodas of Pottapi and Nellore — Places in the records of the Telugu Chodas who called themselves Madhurantaka Pottapi-Cholas: Pottapi on the Cheyyeru, their early seat; Nellore (Vikramasimhapura), where Tammusiddhi was anointed in 1205 and from which Tikka I and Manumasiddhi II ruled the Pakanadu; Kavali, with Tammusiddhi's agrahara of 1207–08; Nandalur, with gifts of Tikka I and Manumasiddhi II; Kanchipuram, which Tikka I and his successors held; Kandukur; Konidena, seat of a related branch; and Motupalli, near Nayanapalle, where an inscription of the Kakatiya Ganapatideva tells of the restoration of the ruler of Nellore.
Kakatiya inscriptions — Findspots of the Kakatiya inscriptions described on this site, from the capital Orugallu (Warangal) and Anumakonda (Hanamkonda) with Kazipet, the lake records of Palampet, Pakhal and Bayyaram and the Karimnagar, Kolanupaka, Panugallu, Chandupatla and Mellacheruvu pillars in Telangana, to the coastal records at Chebrolu, Malkapuram, Ganapesvaram and the port of Motupalli, the inland records at Durgi and Tripurantakam, the Kotagiri plates, the Raichur fort inscription in the west and the Ekamranatha inscription of Ganapatideva at Kanchipuram in the south.
The Nizam's Dominions (1724–1948) — The Asaf Jahi state of the Nizams: Hyderabad State as shown on the Imperial Gazetteer map of 1909, with Telangana in its south-east and the old capital Aurangabad in the Marathi north-west; the coastal Northern Circars, granted to the French in 1753 and ceded to the English in 1766, and the Ceded Districts of Rayalaseema given up to the East India Company in 1800; the capital Hyderabad with Golconda and the British cantonment of Secunderabad; and the chief samasthans of the Telugu south, Gadwal, Wanaparthy, Jatprole (Kollapur), Amarchinta and Palvancha. Kharda marks the Nizam's defeat by the Marathas in 1795. The shaded areas are approximate.
The Marathas and the Telugu country (1677–1818) — Shivaji's march of 1677 from Hyderabad across the Krishna near Kurnool, with his detour to Srisailam, through the Cuddapah country and down the Damalcheruvu pass towards Jinji, and his return through Bellary; the Bellary and Anantapur uplands, whose tribute Bijapur ceded to him in 1680; the Rayalaseema forts the Marathas held at times between 1743 and 1774, Penukonda, Gurramkonda and Punganur; the battles with the Nizams at Udgir (1760), on the Godavari at Rakshasbhuvan (1763) and at Kharda (1795); and the Bhonsle raid of 1754 on the Northern Circars by the Pachipenta pass. Routes and the shaded area are rough sketches.
Mysore and the Telugu country (1762–1800) — The Rayalaseema forts that Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan held between 1762 and 1799: Penukonda and Madakasira, taken from Morari Rao in 1762; Gurramkonda; Bellary, seized in 1775 after Haidar's five-day march from Seringapatam; Gooty, taken in 1776; and Cuddapah and Sidhout, conquered in 1779. Shaded areas mark, roughly, the districts Tipu ceded to the Nizam in 1792 (the Cuddapah taluks, Gurramkonda and the Tadpatri country) and those the Nizam received after Tipu's death in 1799 (Gooty, Penukonda, Madakasira, Anantapur and Rayadurg); in 1800 the Nizam ceded both to the East India Company as the Ceded Districts. Routes and shaded areas are rough sketches.
Banganapalle State — The small nawabi state of Banganapalle in the Kurnool district, about 255 square miles round the town of Banganapalle in the valley of the Jurreru, from the Rampur pass over the Erramalas in the west to the Kunderu in the east. It was held by the family of the Mughal killedar Muhammad Beg Khan from the early eighteenth century until the Madras government took over its administration in February 1948. The shaded area is a rough sketch of the gazetteer's description, not a surveyed boundary.
The Nawabs in the Telugu country (c. 1714–1801) — The three Muslim houses that held parts of the Telugu country in the eighteenth century. The Pathan Nawabs of Cuddapah ruled the upland circars of Sidhout, Gandikota, Gurramkonda and Cumbum from about 1714 until Haidar Ali conquered them in 1779; the Pathan Nawabs of Kurnool held Kurnool and its four taluks as a jagir from the 1690s until 1839; and the Nawabs of the Carnatic at Arcot governed Nellore, Ongole and the Palnad until they ceded them to the East India Company in 1801. Lakkireddipalle, where the Nawabs of Kurnool and Cuddapah fell on the Nizam Muzaffar Jang in 1751, and Duvvur, where Haidar Ali defeated the Pathan horse of Cuddapah in 1779, are marked. The shaded areas are rough sketches of the districts the sources name, not surveyed boundaries.
Morari Rao of Gooty (c. 1741–1776) — The forts and country of the Maratha chief Morari Rao Ghorpade in the Anantapur country: his capital, the hill fortress of Gooty; Penukonda, Madakasira and Kodikonda, which Haidar Ali took in 1762; Tadpatri and Udiripikonda; and the poligar of Anantapur, who paid him tribute. Haidar took Gooty in 1776. The family's later state of Sandur, in the Bellary country, is shown as a point. The shaded area is a rough sketch that groups the places named in the sources, not a boundary.
Shitab Khan of Warangal (c. 1504–1516) — The forts held by the Telugu chief Shitab Khan, or Sitapati, in the early sixteenth century: Warangal, which his inscription says he took from the Muslims in January 1504, Khammam and Bellamkonda, with Rachakonda, the "Rajadri" of his inscription, and the Pakhal lake, whose dam he is said to have repaired. Kondapalli, where he fled to the Gajapati prince, and Golconda, the capital of his enemy Sultan Quli, are shown outside. The shaded area is a rough sketch joining the named forts, not a boundary.
The East India Company in the Telugu country (1759–1858) — How the English East India Company acquired the Telugu districts it ruled until 1858: the Masulipatam country ceded by Salabat Jang after Forde's victory over the French (1759); the four Northern Circars of Kondapalli, Ellore, Rajahmundry and Chicacole, granted by the emperor in 1765 and ceded by the Nizam in 1766–68; the Guntur Circar (1788); the Ceded Districts of Rayalaseema (1800); Nellore and the Palnad with the Carnatic (1801); and the Kurnool jagir (1839). The Company's old factories at Madapollam and Injaram, Padmanabham, where the Raja of Vizianagaram fell in 1794, and the French settlement of Yanam are marked. The shaded areas are rough sketches of the districts the sources name, not surveyed boundaries.
The French in the Northern Circars (1750–1759) — The grants by which the Nizams Muzaffar Jang and Salabat Jang gave the French East India Company the Telugu coast: Masulipatam and Divi (1750), the Kondavid country (1751–52) and the four Circars of Mustafanagar (Kondapalli), Ellore, Rajahmundry and Chicacole (1753), which Bussy governed from Rajahmundry. Marked are the French factories at Masulipatam, Yanam and Narasapur, Bobbili, stormed by Bussy in January 1757, Vizagapatam, which he took from the English that June, and Chandurti (Condore), where Forde defeated the French on 9 December 1758. The shaded areas are rough sketches of the provinces the sources name, not surveyed boundaries.
The Telugu districts of the Madras Presidency (1858–1947) — The Telugu districts of the Madras Presidency as they stood after 1925, each with the year in which it was formed: Vizagapatam (1802), Nellore (1801), Cuddapah and Bellary (1808), Kurnool (1858), Godavari and Kistna (1859), Anantapur (1882), Guntur (1904), Chittoor (1911) and West Godavari (1925), the remainder of Godavari becoming East Godavari. The Bhadrachalam and Rekapalli taluks were ceded by the Nizam in 1860, and the hill country of Vizagapatam and Godavari was governed as the Agency tracts under special laws. The seats of the great zamindaris are marked. The shaded areas are rough sketches after the census maps of 1921 and 1931, not surveyed boundaries.
The districts of the Nizam's Dominions (1931) — The districts of Hyderabad State as the census of 1931 maps them. The eight Telangana districts, where most people spoke Telugu, are drawn one by one: Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal and Nizamabad in the Warangal suba (division); Medak, Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar in the Medak suba; and Atraf-i-Balda, the Nizam's own district round Hyderabad. The Marathi and Kannada districts of the west are shown as the Aurangabad and Gulbarga subas. Medak district was governed from Sangareddy. The boundaries are rough sketches after the census map, not surveyed lines.
Southern neighbours of the Telugu country — The southern powers that ruled parts of the Telugu country between about 700 and 1342: the Banas of the Chittoor hills (Gudimallam, Punganur, Kalahasti); the Nolamba-Pallavas of Nolambavadi (Hemavati, Kambaduru, Penukonda, Gooty); the Vaidumbas in the Nellore and Chittoor country; the Cholas of Tanjore and Gangaikondacholapuram, with their records at Draksharama, Samalkot, Bezwada, Simhachalam and Mahendragiri; the Hoysalas of Dorasamudra (Halebid); and the Pandyas of Madurai, who held Nellore and Nandalur for a few years. The line of march of Kulottunga I's army to Kalinga follows the Kalingattupparani.
The making of Andhra Pradesh (1953–1956) — The two parts that were joined on 1 November 1956 to form Andhra Pradesh. The Andhra State was formed on 1 October 1953 from eleven Telugu districts of Madras State and three taluks of Bellary, with its capital at Kurnool. The Telangana districts of Hyderabad State (Hyderabad, Medak, Mahbubnagar, Nizamabad, Warangal, Khammam, Nalgonda, Karimnagar and most of Adilabad) were joined to it in 1956, and Hyderabad city became the capital. The shaded areas are rough sketches, not surveyed boundaries.
New districts of Andhra Pradesh (1953–1979) — The districts formed in the Telugu country between 1953 and 1979. Khammam was carved out of Warangal on 1 October 1953, and the Bhadrachalam taluk was moved to it from East Godavari in 1959. Prakasam was formed on 2 February 1970 from parts of Guntur, Nellore and Kurnool. Vizianagaram was formed from parts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam, and Rangareddi from the rural areas of Hyderabad district, at the end of the 1970s. The census of 1981 counted 23 districts. Only towns are marked; the base map has no district boundaries.
The Reddi kingdoms of Kondavidu and Rajahmundry — Capitals, forts and temples of the Reddi kings (c. 1325–1448): Addanki, the first capital, and the hill fortress of Kondavidu; the forts of Kondapalli, Bellamkonda and Vinukonda; Rajahmundry, capital of the eastern kingdom of Kataya Vema and Allada's sons; the port of Motupalli, where Anavota renewed the Kakatiya charter for sea merchants; and the shrines they endowed, Srisailam and Ahobilam in the west, Amaravati, Draksharama, Palakollu and Pithapuram on the coast and Simhachalam in the north. The grants describe the kingdom as reaching "from the eastern slopes of Srigiri to the eastern sea".
The Gajapatis of Orissa in the Telugu country — Places of the Gajapati kings of Orissa in the Telugu country, 1434–1571: their capital Cuttack; the temples of Srikurmam, Mukhalingam, Simhachalam, Draksharama and Srisailam with their records; Rajahmundry and Raghudevapuram, seat and grant of the governor Raghudeva; the Krishna-country grants at Chavali, Kapilesvarapuram and Chiruvolu; Kondavidu, Kondapalli, Addanki and Vinukonda; Devarakonda and Warangal, relieved and taken in 1459–60; Udayagiri and Kanchi in the south; Bidar, the Bahmani capital they marched on; and the route of Krishnadeva Raya's campaign of 1512–16 from Udayagiri to Potnuru.
Vijayanagara and the Telugu country — Places of the Vijayanagara empire in the Telugu country: the capital at Hampi; the forts of Gooty, Penukonda, Gandikota and Chandragiri; Bukkarayasamudram, the tank of 1364; the temples of Lepakshi, Tirumala, Srikalahasti, Ahobilam, Amaravati, Mangalagiri and Simhachalam with their records; Bitragunta, granted by Sangama II in 1356; Kondavidu and the eastern campaign of Krishnadeva Raya in 1513–16 from Udayagiri to Potnuru; and Talikota, after which the battle of 1565 is named.
Rivers and water works — The great rivers of the Telugu country with the holy places, crossings and water works the gazetteers of about 1900 describe: the pushkaram town of Rajahmundry and the pilgrim places of Bhadrachalam and Kotipalli on the Godavari; the anicuts at Dowleswaram (1847–1852) and Vijayawada (1852–1855); the Kakatiya tanks of Pakhal, Ramappa, Laknavaram, Bayyaram and Ghanpur; the Vijayanagara-period tanks of Bukkarayasamudram and Porumamilla; the Cumbum tank; the Kurnool–Cuddapah canal; and Kolleru lake. The canal's course is approximate.
Old names of regions — Rough sketches of the old country names of the Telugu coast and Rayalaseema as the sources place them: Vengi between the mouths of the Krishna and the Godavari; Velanadu in the western Krishna delta; Kammanadu (Karmarashtra) round Ongole and Bapatla; Pakanadu between Ongole and Nellore; and Renandu round Kadapa. The shaded areas are approximate.

All places on this site

Unified Andhra Pradesh (pre-2014)
Present-day state borders, for orientation

Base map: Natural Earth (opens in a new tab) (public domain).