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1843 CE
The Church Missionary Society's college at Machilipatnam, the oldest college in the Telugu country. It grew from a school that the missionary Robert Noble opened on 21 November 1843 with two boys. It became a second-grade college of the Madras University in 1864 and a first-grade college in 1892, and joined the new Andhra University in 1926.
1848 CE
The American Lutheran mission's college at Guntur. Its first English school opened in 1848, closed in 1863 when the American Civil War cut its funds, and reopened in 1874 under Dr. L. L. Uhl. It became a second-grade college in 1885 and a first-grade college in 1926, and took the name Andhra Christian College in 1927. In 1929 it had more students than any other college of the Andhra University.
1852 CE
A college at Kakinada that began in 1852 as an English and vernacular school founded by the Collector and his sheristadar. The Raja of Pithapuram, one of its first pupils, endowed it; it opened its first college class in January 1884 and took the Raja's name. The Maharaja of Pithapuram became its sole owner in 1926–27 and raised it to a first-grade college.
1853 CE
The Madras government's college for the Northern Circars. It opened in 1853 as a district (zilla) school, was made a provincial school in 1868, started its first college class in 1873 and became a first-grade college teaching up to the B.A. in 1877. In 1907 it was one of only three government first-grade colleges in the Presidency; in 1939–40 it was a first-grade college of the Andhra University.
1854 CE
The first state school of Hyderabad, founded in the city in 1854. It trained the state's first schoolmasters, was later split into branch schools, and grew into an Oriental College that sent students to the Oriental examinations of the Punjab University. In 1898 its college had 55 students and its school 317. By the 1920s an Osmania High School carried its name.
1856 CE
A Hindu college at Machilipatnam. The Andhra University register says Sir Seshaiah Sastri founded it on 1 January 1856 as the Hindu Anglo-Vernacular School, for Hindu families who wanted a good education for their sons without missionary pressure. It became a high school in 1863, a second-grade college in July 1928 and a first-grade college in July 1934.
1857 CE
The college of the Maharajas of Vizianagaram. The Andhra University register says a Maharaja of Vizianagaram, whom it calls Sir Viziaramaraj, founded the school in 1857 and made it a high school in 1868. It opened its first college class in 1877 (1879 in the register) and taught up to the B.A. from 1883. For decades the Vizianagaram estate paid for it, and in 1885 it was the only first-grade college of the Vizagapatam district.
1860 CE
A college at Visakhapatnam. It began in 1860 as an Anglo-Vernacular School founded by the Inspector of Schools, the Collector, the Maharaja of Vizianagaram and a local gentleman, and became the Hindu College when it was raised to a second-grade college. A bequest of one lakh of rupees from A. V. Narasinga Rao (1892) turned it, from 1 April 1899, into the Mrs. A. V. Narasinga Rao College.
1874–1890 CE
The Telugu journal of the reformer Kandukuri Veeresalingam, begun in 1874 and printed at Rajahmundry. It attacked bribery among officials, the dancing-girl parties of the rich and harmful customs, and argued for simple, clear Telugu. Basha writes that with it Telugu journalism came of age. Veeresalingam stopped it in 1890.
1875 CE
A college at Nellore, founded as a school in 1875 by S. Narayanaswami Chetty, Dewan of the Venkatagiri estate. The Maharaja of Venkatagiri saved it in 1886 and it took his name in 1895. His son raised it to a college, opened in July 1920; in 1939–40 it was a second-grade college of the Andhra University with 337 Intermediate students.
1883 CE
A college for training Telugu teachers at Rajahmundry. It began in 1883 as a district board normal school, became a college in February 1894 and trained graduates for the L.T. (Licentiate in Teaching) from 1904. Its graduate class was moved to Saidapet near Madras in 1911, but a separate Teachers' College for the Telugu districts reopened at Rajahmundry on 2 July 1917.
1885 CE
A Telugu weekly of Madras, started in 1885 and called the first Telugu political newspaper. Its editor, A. P. Parthasarathy Naidu, ran it for more than twenty-five years. It reported the troubles of farmers and village officers, criticised officials who took bribes, and spoke against the insults that Indians suffered from Europeans.
c. 1888 CE
The English-medium college of Hyderabad city, affiliated to the University of Madras. The Imperial Gazetteer traces it to the Chadarghat high school, which became a college about 1880; Campbell says the Nizam College was formed in 1888 by joining the old Hyderabad College with the Madrasa-i-Aliya. In 1936 a committee proposed linking it to Osmania University.
1901 CE
The first Telugu library of Hyderabad, opened in Sultan Bazaar on 1 September 1901. Komarraju Lakshmana Rao, the Raja of Munagala, Ravichettu Ranga Rao and others founded it. A Hyderabad State committee's history says the Telugu awakening of Telangana began with it, and calls it a school of renaissance.
1902 CE
A Telugu journal for women, started at Eluru in April 1902 by Sattiraju Sitaramaiah. It was the first Telugu women's journal to be edited by women, among them Mosalikanti Ramabayamma, and from 1913 it was run by the Kakinada Vidyarthini Samajamu. It argued for girls' education and widow remarriage, and printed the speeches of the women's conferences.
A Telugu nationalist paper of Machilipatnam, started in 1902. Mutnuri Krishna Rao edited it for most of its life and made it a voice of the Vandemataram, Home Rule and Andhra movements. In 1913 it printed a well-known cartoon about the Rayalaseema districts and the demand for an Andhra province.
1904 CE
A Telugu library at Hanumakonda (Warangal), opened in 1904. It was the second Telugu library of the Nizam's state, after the one at Hyderabad, and played the same part in the Telugu awakening of Telangana. Most sources date it to 29 January 1904; one gives 1908.
1906 CE
A Telugu publishing society founded by Komarraju Lakshmana Rao with the help of the Raja of Munagala. It began in Hyderabad, where Regani dates it to 1906, and moved to Madras in 1908 when the Nizam's government grew suspicious of it. It published novels, histories and the first Telugu books on several sciences, began a Telugu encyclopaedia and held examinations in Telugu.
1908 CE
The Telugu newspaper of Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao. It began as a weekly at Bombay in 1908, moved to Madras in 1914 and became a daily. It supported the Home Rule and non-cooperation movements, printed literary work such as Panuganti's Sakshi, and by the 1940s was the most widely read Telugu paper.
1911 CE
A Telugu literary society founded at Madras in April 1911, with the Maharajas of Pithapuram and Venkatagiri as founders and Jayanti Ramayya Pantulu as the head of its executive committee. It defended the old literary style of Telugu against the spoken-Telugu movement, collected and printed old works, published a journal, and began the large Suryaraya Telugu dictionary. Later it was based at Kakinada.
1918 CE
The university of Hyderabad State, ordered by the seventh Nizam in April 1917 and set up by a charter in 1918. It taught in Urdu, with English as a compulsory language. Its first college opened in 1919; colleges of law, medicine, engineering and teacher training, intermediate colleges at Warangal and Aurangabad and a college for women followed by 1930.
1923 CE
A medical college for the Telugu districts. The Madras government opened it at Visakhapatnam in July 1923, at the request of the people of the Telugu districts, in the old hospital buildings. It taught for the M.B.B.S. of the Andhra University, gave preference to students from the Telugu districts, and by 1939–40 had 391 students and a hospital of more than 300 beds.
1924 CE
The Telugu literary monthly started by Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao from the Andhra Patrika office at Madras in January 1924. Its first issue promised coloured pictures and illustrated articles on Andhra's sculpture, and offered to study old unprinted works sent in by readers. Writers of the 1920s called it a high-class literary magazine and the most popular Telugu monthly, and it was still coming out in the 1980s.
1925 CE
A Telugu paper of Hyderabad, founded in 1925 by Suravaram Pratapa Reddy and edited by him until 1949. It came out twice a week and criticised the Nizam's government at a time when that was hard and risky. It supported the Andhra Jana Sangham and the Andhra Mahasabha, and spoke for Telugu as a language of schooling.
1926 CE
The university of the Telugu districts of the Madras Presidency, created by an Act of January 1926 that came into force that April. Its headquarters, first placed at Vijayawada (then Bezwada), moved to Visakhapatnam in 1928–29. It opened its own colleges of arts (1931) and of science and technology (1932) at Waltair, and by 1939–40 had 23 colleges.
c. 1937 CE
The film company of H. M. Reddy, the director of the first Telugu talkie, set up at Madras in 1937 or 1938. Its first film, Gruhalakshmi (1938), against drink and full of patriotic songs, began the age of Telugu social films and introduced Chittoor V. Nagaiah. B. N. Reddi worked with it before founding Vauhini. By 1953 Reddy also owned the Rohini Studios at Madras.
1939 CE
The Telugu film company founded at Madras by B. N. Reddi in 1939, with Chittoor V. Nagaiah, K. V. Reddy and Samudrala Raghavacharya. It made Vande Mataram, Sumangali and Devata on the problems of society, Bhakta Potana and Yogi Vemana on the saint-poets, and Malleswari. Its Vauhini Studios were later leased to Vijaya Productions, and its Peddamanushulu won the Silver Medal for Telugu in 1955.
A school in Hyderabad city for the sons of the nobility. It began as a private school with English teachers for the sons and relatives of the minister Sir Salar Jang, and in the 1870s became a public school for the higher classes. It had 19 pupils in 1879 and about 200 by the 1900s, and was attached to the Nizam College.
